About Zora spinimana (Sundevall, 1833)
Adult females of Zora spinimana measure 5 to 7.7 mm in body length, while adult males measure 4.5 to 5 mm. The epigyne of this species has a small groove and a larger spermatheca. Zora spinimana is very closely similar to Zora silvestris, but can be distinguished by several consistent features. On the carapace of Z. spinimana, the brown lateral bands are narrower than the yellow bands; in Z. silvestris, the brown lateral bands are wider than the yellowish bands. Z. spinimana is also slightly larger than Z. silvestris, and its overall yellow body colour has a warmer hue. Additionally, Z. spinimana has three pairs of ventral spines on metatarsus I and II, while Z. silvestris only has two pairs. This species is most often found in grassland habitats, where it typically occurs near the ground, within grass roots and leaf litter. It can also be found under stones and other ground objects. Zora spinimana also occurs in other habitat types including heathland, open woodland, and raised bogs. Zora spinimana has a distribution across the Palearctic realm. Within Europe, it is a common species in western and central Europe. In Great Britain, it is more common in southern Great Britain and eastern Scotland, and becomes more localized in northern England and western Scotland.
