About Tiliqua scincoides (White, 1790)
Tiliqua scincoides, the common blue-tongued skink, is a large terrestrial blue-tongued lizard that reaches over 60 cm (24 in) in total length including the tail, and weighs more than 1 kg (2.2 lb). It has a stout body and short legs. Its coloration is variable and generally follows a banded pattern, and its tongue ranges in color from blue-violet to cobalt blue. Like nearly all squamates, Tiliqua scincoides collects microscopic molecules from air and surfaces with the tip of its tongue, then delivers these molecules to a sensory organ on the roof of the mouth, which gives the lizard its sense of smell. Blue-tongued skinks also use their tongues to catch prey: the tongue is coated in a sticky mucus that maintains surface tension as it moves, to pull captured insects back into the mouth. Because of its distinctive blue tongue and curious temperament, it is a popular companion animal in Western countries. Tiliqua scincoides is diurnal, meaning it is active during the day and rests at night. It is omnivorous, feeding on insects, snails, frogs (including the toxic cane toad, which is fatal to the lizard), other reptiles, small birds, small mammals, carrion, and plant material such as fruit and green vegetation. This species is ovoviviparous: females retain fertilized eggs inside their bodies and give birth to live young, rather than laying egg clutches. A female’s litter can contain between 5 and 25 live young, with the subspecies Tiliqua scincoides scincoides known to produce the largest litters. Tiliqua scincoides is known to live for more than 30 years. It is an adaptable species that often occupies urban and suburban areas, including residential neighborhoods of Sydney. It is generally considered a beneficial urban resident because it eats garden pests such as slugs and snails. When threatened, instead of fleeing, blue-tongued skinks may hiss, lunge, inflate their bodies, and display their blue tongue to startle the perceived threat. Locally established subspecies of Tiliqua scincoides have a variety of distinct color variations. For example, eastern blue-tongued skinks have green and yellow color phases, may or may not have bands across the eye area, and individuals from the Brisbane region look different from other eastern populations. In captivity, breeders have developed albino (mostly white) and melanistic (mostly black) varieties. Northern subspecies are either the classic, standard appearance, or a more speckled form from the Kimberley region and Prince Regent National Park. Herpetology hobbyists have selectively bred captive blue-tongued skinks to produce exaggerated color variations, with different captive lines displaying red, yellow, orange, caramel, white, and other colors. Tanimbar blue-tongued skinks are the glossiest, and often occur in gold or silver color phases. Wild Tanimbar and Kimberley Northern blue-tongued skinks have a reputation for being more aggressive than other populations of the species.
