About Schiffornis turdina veraepacis (P.L.Sclater & Salvin, 1860)
The brown-winged schiffornis is 15.5 to 16.5 cm (6.1 to 6.5 in) long and weighs approximately 22 to 38 g (0.78 to 1.3 oz). Males and females have identical plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies S. t. turdina have a brownish olive face marked by an indistinct pale ring around the eye. Their upperparts and tail are dull brownish olive, and their wings are also dull brownish olive with rufescent feather edges. Their breast is a lighter brownish olive-gray, while their belly and vent are pale olive-gray. Other subspecies of the brown-winged schiffornis differ from the nominate subspecies and from each other as follows: S. t. amazonum has a rufescent tinge on the crown, less brown (more olive) upperparts than the nominate, some tawny color on the throat, and more grayish underparts. S. t. wallacii is similar to amazonum but paler overall, with a very pale belly. S. t. steinbachi is smaller than the nominate, but otherwise similar. S. t. intermedia is smaller than the nominate, but otherwise similar. All subspecies have a brown to dark brown iris, a blackish bill, and olive grayish legs and feet. The brown-winged schiffornis has a disjunct distribution, with subspecies distributed as follows: S. t. amazonum is found from southeastern Colombia and Amazonas in southern Venezuela, south through far eastern Ecuador, most of eastern Peru, and western Brazil to the Negro River and northwestern Mato Grosso. S. t. wallacii occurs in Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon, from the Tapajós and lower Teles Pires rivers east to the Atlantic coast in Maranhão. S. t. steinbachi is found in southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia. S. t. intermedia occurs in Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas in far eastern Brazil. S. t. turdina is found in southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia south to Espírito Santo. The brown-winged schiffornis primarily lives in the interior of humid forest. It is also found, though rarely, at forest edges, in secondary forest, and in drier forest. In terms of elevation, it reaches 800 m (2,600 ft) in Venezuela, 300 m (1,000 ft) in Ecuador, 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Peru, and 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Brazil.
