About Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)
The genus Sardinops belongs to the sardine family Alosidae. While it was often considered monotypic, meaning it only contained Sardinops sagax, it currently holds three valid species: Sardinops melanosticta (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), also called Japanese pilchard; Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe, 1853), also called Southern African pilchard; and Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842). Recognized subspecies of Sardinops sagax include Sardinops sagax caeruleus (Girard, 1854), also called Californian pilchard; Sardinops sagax musica (Girard, 1855); and Sardinops sagax neopilchardus (Steindachner, 1879), also called Australian pilchard. Sardinops sagax is found in the Indo-Pacific, East Pacific, Southeastern Atlantic, and southwestern Indian oceans. Individuals can grow up to 40 cm (16 in) in maximum length. This species has numerous common and vernacular names, many of which refer to its subspecies; these names include blue pilchard, blue-bait, Peruvian Pacific sardine (for S. s. sagax), South American pilchard, Chilean sardine, and Pacific sardine. In 2025, an extinct Sardinops species, S. humboldti, was described from Miocene fossils discovered in southern Peru.
