About Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)
Description: In snout–vent length, adult males of Rhinella crucifer measure 56–104 mm (2.2–4.1 in), while adult females measure 78–114 mm (3.1–4.5 in). This species has a wide head; the snout is rounded to mucronate when viewed from above, and rounded when viewed from the side. The tympanum is distinct, and the overall body build is robust. The parotoid glands range in shape from elliptical to triangular, and overhang the lateral edges of the body. Forelimbs are long and comparatively more robust than the hind limbs. Fingers have no webbing, but do have slight fringes. Toes are long and webbed. Dorsal coloration is uniformly ochre, olive, brownish, or silvery, and a thin, light vertebral line may be present. Habitat and conservation: This species lives in rainforests and disturbed habitats, at elevations up to 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level. Reproduction occurs in backwaters of rapidly flowing streams and in temporary pools. It is locally abundant, but habitat loss from agricultural crop cultivation and timber extraction threatens its habitats. It is found within several protected areas.
