About Ornithion brunneicapillus (Lawrence, 1862)
The brown-capped tyrannulet (scientific name Ornithion brunneicapillus, first described by Lawrence in 1862) is a small flycatcher. Adults measure about 8 cm (3.1 in) long and weigh approximately 7 to 8 g (0.25 to 0.28 oz). It has a pointed bill, and males and females have identical plumage. Adults have a brownish olive to dark brown crown, with a white forehead, lores, and supercilium on an otherwise olive face. Their upperparts are olive, while their wings and tail are dusky olive. Their underparts are bright yellow, with faint olive streaks on the breast and flanks. Both sexes have a brown iris, a black bill with an arched maxilla, and dark gray legs and feet. Juveniles differ from adults: they have a more olive crown, a less distinct supercilium, paler tips on the wing coverts, and paler yellow underparts. This species is distributed across southern Central America and northern South America. Its range includes far southern Nicaragua, the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, and extends to central Panama. From central Panama it continues to Colombia, occurring on both the Caribbean and Pacific slopes through that country, then continues south along the Pacific slope of Colombia to El Oro Province in Ecuador. It also occurs locally from northeastern Colombia into northwestern Venezuela, and has a separate isolated population in northern Venezuela. It inhabits tropical and lower subtropical zones, where it is found primarily in the interior and edges of humid evergreen forest, mature secondary forest, semi-open woodlands, and coffee plantations. Its elevation range varies by country: from sea level to 900 m (3,000 ft) in Costa Rica, up to 750 m (2,500 ft) in Panama, up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in Colombia, up to 400 m (1,300 ft) in Ecuador, and up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in Venezuela.
