About Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger, 1861
Hochstetter's frog has a dorsal coloration ranging from brown-green to brown-red, marked with dark bands and warts, and yellow-brown bellies. Males reach a snout–vent length of 38 mm (1.5 in), while females grow up to 50 mm (2.0 in). These frogs are nocturnal, and remain under cover during the day. They favor moist gaps under shaded debris such as rocks and logs, along streams and seepages in native temperate rainforest. They are carnivorous, and hunt invertebrates including spiders, beetles, and mites as prey. All native New Zealand frogs, called pepeketua in Māori, share the following traits: tail-wagging muscles, inscriptional ribs, round pupils, and an absence of eardrums, eustachian tubes, and vocal sacs. In some features these frogs are more similar to salamanders than modern frogs, and rely on chemical signals rather than acoustic signals to mark habitat and recognize competitors. Hochstetter's frog's poor hearing goes along with its lack of vocalization. Subfossil remains show that all native New Zealand frog species were once widespread across the country until around 200 years ago. Of the native New Zealand frogs, Hochstetter's frog has the largest current distribution, covering the upper North Island of New Zealand. This range includes the Waitākere and Hunua Ranges, Coromandel Peninsula, Great Barrier Island, Maungatautari Ecological Island, and the East Coast. Ten populations of this species are genetically distinct, as a result of a history of glacial isolation. Today, the species persists in fragmented populations across the North Island between Whangārei and the Waikato Region, and also occurs on Great Barrier Island.
