About Graphium macareus (Godart, 1819)
Karl Jordan provided a description of Graphium macareus in Seitz (pages 103-104), which differentiates G. macareus from closely related taxa and discusses some of its forms. This description covers the race indicus first described by Rothschild, detailed below. For male G. macareus indicus: Upperside: the ground colour and markings are very similar to those of Graphium xenocles. However, G. macareus indicus has a more brownish-fuliginous tint, and all of its markings are much narrower than those of G. xenocles. There are also distinctly two well-divided streaks in interspace 1 of the forewing. On the hindwing, a tornal yellow spot is never present, and the bluish-white streak in the cell is very often divided. Underside: the ground colour and markings are similar to the upperside, but the markings are much broader than they are on the upperside. It differs from the underside of G. xenocles because most specimens lack the yellow tornal spot on the hindwing, and the terminal brown margin on the hindwing is proportionately much broader and much darker. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen are coloured the same as in G. xenocles. Female G. macareus indicus are either dimorphic or trimorphic. The first form (typical polynices) is similar to the male, with similar but proportionately broader markings. The second form is also similar to the male with similar markings, but on the forewing the inner portion of the cell-streaks, the upper of the two spots at the cell apex, and both the upper and lower of the four spots beyond the cell are either obsolete or very faintly indicated. On the hindwing of this second form, the streaks are much narrower, and a very small ochraceous-yellow tornal spot is present. The third form is the indicus female as described by Rothschild, quoted by Bingham in 1907: "Fore wings devoid of all markings except the submarginal ones; the hind wings provided with all the markings of the male, though these markings are shorter and less well-defined than in that sex."
