About Etheostoma coosae (Fowler, 1945)
The Coosa darter, scientifically named Etheostoma coosae (Fowler, 1945), is a robust darter species identifiable by its blunt snout and small mouth. The spiny section of its dorsal fin has colored bands, including a central red band running its full length, but lacks the anterior ocellus present in many other species of the subgenus Ulocentra. Alternating clear and dark bands lie above and below this central red band. In the soft-rayed portion of the dorsal fin, the middle section of the membrane between each fin ray is red. The body of the Coosa darter is yellow-olive, marked with 8 to 9 dark blotches along its back and flanks; these flank blotches have a faint green tint. The lower snout and throat are pale green, while the anal fin and the upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin are turquoise. The maximum recorded total length for this species is 7.2 centimetres (2.8 in), though the common standard length is 4.1 centimetres (1.6 in) for males and 3.9 centimetres (1.5 in) for females. This species is found exclusively in the Coosa River system, which drains into Mobile Bay, across the U.S. states of Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee. It inhabits rocky pools and adjacent riffles of creeks, small to medium rivers, and streams. The Coosa darter feeds primarily on midge larvae and blackfly larvae, with smaller amounts of cladocera, copepods, mayfly nymphs, and caddisfly larvae. Insects, particularly flies, make up a larger portion of its diet in summer, while crustaceans become a more important food source in winter. Spawning occurs from mid-March to mid-May. The female lays one egg at a time, depositing it into small cracks and crevices in wood, rocks, or other hard substrates. The male fertilizes the egg immediately after it is laid, and spawning can take place on surfaces ranging from horizontal to vertical orientation.
