About Diospyros nigra (J.F.Gmel.) Perr.
Mature Diospyros nigra (J.F.Gmel.) Perr. trees are evergreen and can grow to over 25 m (82 ft) in height. This species is frost sensitive, but can tolerate light frosts. Its leaves are elliptic-oblong, tapered at both ends, dark green, glossy, and 10–30 cm (3.9–11.8 in) long. Some Diospyros nigra trees produce only male flowers; others produce both male and female flowers, and some of these trees are self-incompatible. Trees grown from seed begin fruiting after 3–4 years, and mature trees are heavy bearers. In cultivation, black sapote trees typically grow below 600 meters in elevation. They are not particular about soil type, and they can tolerate light frosts. They are sensitive to drought and require irrigation in dry regions, but they are quite tolerant of flooding. The tree grows fairly slowly during its first 3–4 years, growing roughly 1 foot per year for the first couple of years. After this early period, it grows much more rapidly. When planting, trees should be spaced 10–12 m (about 32–39 ft) apart. Growing requirements for Diospyros nigra include full sunlight. It grows best in most well-drained soils, including sand and limestone-based soils, and prefers high pH soils ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. Mature trees can tolerate temperatures of -2 to -3 °C (28 to 30 °F), while young trees can be killed at 0 °C (32 °F). Pollination of Diospyros nigra is carried out by insects. Some varieties are self-incompatible, so they require cross pollination to produce fruit.
