About Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb. & J.Wen
Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb. & J.Wen is a plant species commonly known by several common names: bush grape, fox-grape, three-leaved wild vine, and threeleaf cayratia. It is native to areas stretching from India, through Southeast Asia, to Australia and the western Pacific Ocean. This species is a vine with a maximum stem diameter of 7 cm (2.8 in), produces trifoliate leaves, and bears blackish berries. Several flavonoids, including cyanidin and delphinidin, are found in its leaves. Hydrocyanic acid is present in the plant's stem, leaves, and roots. Following the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, the native range of Causonis trifolia covers specific regions across multiple areas. In the Indian subcontinent, it is native to Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Laccadive Islands, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and West Himalaya. In Indo-China, its native distribution includes Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Islands, South China Sea, Thailand, and Vietnam. In Malesia, it is native to Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, and Christmas Islands. In Papuasia, the species is native to Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. In Australasia, it is native to Northern Territory, Queensland, and Western Australia. In Southwestern Pacific, it is native to New Caledonia and Vanuatu. It is also native to the Caroline Islands in the Northwestern Pacific.
