About Ardea melanocephala Children & Vigors, 1826
The black-headed heron (Ardea melanocephala) is a wading bird belonging to the heron family Ardeidae. It is common across most of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. Most black-headed herons are permanent residents, but some populations in West Africa move further north during the rainy season. This species typically breeds in the wet season, nesting in colonies located in trees, reedbeds or cliffs. It constructs a bulky stick nest, and lays between 2 and 4 eggs per clutch. Black-headed herons often feed in shallow water, spearing fish or frogs with their long, sharp bill. They also hunt far from water, where they prey on large insects, small mammals, and other birds. To catch prey, they wait motionless for their target or slowly stalk it. Black-headed herons are large birds, reaching 85 cm in height and a wingspan of 150 cm. They are nearly as large as the grey heron, which they resemble in appearance, although they are generally darker overall. Most of their upper body plumage is grey, and their underparts are paler grey. They have a powerful, dusky-colored bill. Their flight is slow, with their neck retracted. This retracted neck in flight is a characteristic feature of herons and bitterns, and sets them apart from storks, cranes, and spoonbills, which hold their necks extended when flying. In flight, the white underwing coverts of the black-headed heron are very noticeable. The call of this species is a loud croak.
